(From AOCS Official Methods)
Section J: Lecithin |
|
Moisture |
Ja 2a-46 (97) |
Moisture, Karl Fischer Reagent |
Ja 2b-87 (97) |
Hexane-Insoluble Matter |
Ja 3-87 (97) |
Acetone-Insoluble Matter |
Ja 4-46 (00) |
Phosphorus, Total |
Ja 5-55 (89) |
Acid Value |
Ja 6-55 (97) |
Phospholipids in Lecithin Concentrates by TLC |
Ja 7-86 (97) |
Phospholipids in Lecithin Concentrates by HPLC |
Ja 7b-91 (97) |
Peroxide Value |
Ja 8-87 (97) |
Gardner Color |
Ja 9-87 (01) |
Brookfield Viscosity |
Ja 10-87 (97) |
Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method |
Ja 11-87 (97) |
Analysis of Lecithin Co-Products |
Ja 12-89 (97) |
Determination of Tocopherols in Lecithin by HPLC |
Ja 13-91 (97) |
Determination of Iodine Value in Lecithin, Wijs Method |
Ja 14-91 (97) |
Methods is an important guide and reference for every edible products analytical laboratory. Definition and scope are stated for each method, as well as details for apparatus, reagents, and procedures to be used. Relevant calculations and notes are provided to guide the technician through each procedure. Methods is published as a 1,200-page, one-volume edition, with convenient loose-leaf pages, bound by practical, heavy-duty binders.
To order, contact the AOCS technical department via e-mail at technical@aocs.org or fax your request to AOCS at 1-217-351-8091. You may also call AOCS at 1-217-359-2344 or write to us at: AOCS, P.O. Box 3489, Champaign, IL 61826-3489, USA. The cost of the Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society is $500 each, plus U.S. $20 postage and handling within the U.S., U.S. $95 outside the U.S. Only IL residents should add 7.25% sales tax.
In Europe approved DGF official methods are also used. There may be slight differences in the procedures, but a number of methods is identical. For scientific and commercial purposes the used method should be referred. Below you will find the list with comparable methods.
|
DGF |
AOCS |
EU Regulation |
Acetone Insoluble |
F-I 5 (98) |
Ja 4-46 (00) |
|
Toluene Insoluble / Hexane Insoluble |
F-I 4b ( |
Ja 3-87 (97) |
EU 81/712, method 10 |
Moisture KF |
F-I 4 (02) |
Ja 2b-87 (97) |
|
Acid Value |
F-I 3 (00) |
Ja 6-55 (97) |
|
Peroxide Value |
F-I 3b (00) |
Ja 8-87 (97) |
EU 81/712, method 9 |
Gardner Color |
C-IV 4a (02) |
Ja 9-87 (01) |
|
Viscosity |
F-I 2 (00) |
Ja 10-87 (97) |
|
Phosphorus |
F-I 5a (00) |
Ja 5-55 (89) |
|
Iron |
F-I 4a (98) |
Ca 15-75 (97) |
|
Iodine Value (Wijs) |
F-I 3a (02) |
Ja 14-91 (97) |
|
HPTLC |
F-I 6 (99) |
|
|
HPLC (LSc) |
F-I 6a (00) |
Ja 7c-07 (07) |
|
Sampling |
F-I 1 (68) |
Ja 12-89 (97) |
|
1H- and 13C NMR spectra are sensitive for chemical structures, different subgroups of similar chemical surroundings are separated in regions of similar chemical shifts.
Any common fatty acid consists of a terminal methyl group. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids show different chemical shifts of these methyl groups. The difference in the chemical shift depends on the distance between the terminal methyl group and the position of the next double bond.